Patiala’s territorial boundaries had a far reaching presence during the existence of PEPSU when the state boasted of territories from Haryana to Himachal Pradesh. Chail, which is now in Himachal Pradesh was then a part of PEPSU.

Location of Patiala
Patiala is located at 30.32°N 76.40°E. Situated in the State of Punjab, it is at an average elevation of 250 metres. It is surrounded by places like Sangrur, Nawan Shahr and Ludhiana. Chandigarh is also not very far from Patiala.The total area in which Patiala is spread is 339.9 km2.Population and Literacy in Patiala
Patiala is a fast developing metro and it has witnessed a handsome increase in population and literacy rates over time. According to the census report of 2001, Patiala’s population was 3,03,151. Out of the total population, 46% were females and 54% of the total population was males. Patiala fared very well in terms of education, as the average literacy rate was 81%, which was way above the national average of literacy rate of 64.9%. When compared with the provisional data of 2011 census, the population increased drastically to 7,63,280 persons. The literacy rate stood at 84.39% in 2011.Climate in Patiala
It can be safely said that the climate in Patiala is no different from any other part of Punjab. Like a typical region of Punjab, the summers are extremely hot and winters tend to be extremely cold.Summer- The mercury rises drastically in summers and tends to be very hot and dry. May month during summers is the hottest month when the average mean temperature goes up to 43.1 degrees.
Winter- Winter season experiences the least temperature in the month of January, when the mercury drops down to as low as 2.1 degrees Celsius.
Monsoons- Patiala has a decent spell of monsoon. Monsoons typically last for three months. Annual average rainfall is close to 688 mm. Generally, the month if July experiences the most amount of rainfall and the average rainfall in July goes up to 117mm.
Topography of Patiala

- The Upland Plain.
- The Cho-infested Foothill Plain.
- The Floodplain of the Ghaggar River
The drainage system in the district is complex and has a number of rivers and canals that support the drainage system. River Ghaggar and other subsidiary rivulets such as Tangri Nadi, Sirhind Choe, and Jhambowali Choe are the major source of water in the region.
For purpose of irrigation, canals such as Bhakra Main Line Canal, Nawana Branch and the Ghaggar Link prove to be very useful and important source. The once water scarce area is now a fertile and water efficient place because of the construction of these canals and are contributing to the prosperity of the region.
The geography and topography of Patiala is very typical of the other regions and districts of Punjab. The development of modern canal systems has helped in transforming the land from water deficient to water efficient and continues to contribute in the development of Patiala.